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At the small state college where I taught, each incidence of plagiarism was dealt with on a case-by-case basis. The very general rule of thumb of graduated consequences in the English department:
In 101, basic expository writing, where the basics were being practiced, the type of "common knowledge" plagiarism where the student cited specific "remembered" facts such as distances to the two nearest stars or exact dates and locations Civil War battles, the paper got an F with a stern warning. Second instances received an F for the course. Any out and out copied papers rated an F for the course and up to two years academic probation.
In subsequent first-year English 102 and 103, any undocumented information on papers (not from direct experience) was an automatic F for the course and two years academic probation. Any copied materials rated expulsion and two years probation.
Any proven plagiarism in upper division classes got a student booted from ours and any state college for two years.
I completely agree with Veinglory that fraudulent ID, diploma, and essay businesses should get the owners and operators prison time--even if they manufacture get-out-of-jail-free cards.
I'm glad I'm not the only one found this a little horrifying.
Was there at least a check? Did you ask the student with that type of uncited fact to come in and quiz them on that area/knowledge? That'd seem fair. If they can explain why and how they know it and repeat it and a similar type fact, then it's legit.
This is bringing up bad memories of the poor foreign student in grad school who asked some of us to help her by going over her papers to make sure the English was correct, as it wasn't her first language. We did. No one did anything but go over her grammar and word choice *with her* but a professor figured the correct English meant she couldn't have possibly written the paper herself and flunked her.