"has arisen" is the correct answer.
But just bear in mind that this is a passive tense.
"A situation arose" is the active expression.
There is no such thing as a "passive tense".
Tense refers to the time at which the action of a verb
took or
takes or
will take place. It has nothing to do with whether the subject is the initiator or the recipient of the verb's action.
The dog has bitten the man is active voice. This is obvious when you think about it because
the dog is the subject of the sentence. It is the dog that perpetrated the action.
It's a case of
active voice in the
present perfect tense, a tense expressing an action in the past which has ramifications in the present. In this example,
the dog has bitten the man (who is bleeding all over the patio right now).
"Perfect" might seem like a weird name for a tense. It comes from
perfectum which is a perfect past participle of the Latin verb
perficio meaning
I complete.
In other words, the dog bit the man, opened his stinking little mouth, thus
completing the action of biting and then, did whatever. Maybe it ran off to chase a possum.
Passive voice in this tense is,
that prick of a dog has been skittled by a ute. The dog is the subject of the sentence and it is also the recipient of the action.
It didn't do the skittling,
it copped the skittling.
Active voice is when the subject
does the action. Passive voice is when the subject
cops the action.
I hope that clarifies.