I find this an interesting discussion. I use chapter titles (and numbers) at the moment (eg. Chapter One, The Rose and Phoenix), which help me to orient myself. At the moment my plan is to leave them in, because I think of them as acting to the chapter as the title acts to the whole book--both a manner of organisation, and a way of subtly pointing out the theme of the chapter, or underlying symbolic associations. They come out from within the chapters, though, and often from previous ones, or help to link to later themes or ideas.
The Rose and Phoenix of chapter one is, in chapter one, the name of a very famous pub where most of the action is set (and which is frequently refered to in the rest of the story). The two objects, however, are heradically associated with the MC and his world, and also end up being important symbolically for the story as a whole, which is a retelling of the Orpheus and Eurydice myth.
So for me, having the reader know the chapter names in advance is not a problem (indeed, I want it to be an important tool). I sometimes use tags from a quotation--eg, "The Still Point of the Turning World" from TS Eliot, but it's the name of a chapter that comes AFTER the one where the MC quotes that line and mulls over it. I hadn't thought about therefore necessarily needing to write as well as the person I've just quoted to avoid seeming ridiculous ...
Perhaps I should reconsider whether this is hammering home the point too much . . . I shall have to ask my readers whether they like having the chapter titles or not. Hmm.