Barnes & Noble originated in 1886 with a bookstore called Arthur Hinds & Company, located in the Cooper Union Building in New York City.[9][10] In the fall of 1886, Gilbert Clifford Noble, a then-recent Harvard graduate from Westfield, Massachusetts, was hired to work there as a clerk.[11] In 1894 Noble was made a partner, and the name of the shop was changed to Hinds & Noble.[12] In 1901 Hinds & Noble moved to 31-35 W. 15th Street.[13]
In 1917, Noble bought out Hinds and entered into a partnership with William Barnes, son of his old friend Charles; the name of the store was changed accordingly to Barnes & Noble.[14][15] Charles Barnes had opened a book-printing business in Wheaton, Illinois in 1873; William Barnes divested himself of his ownership interest in his father's firm just before his partnership with Noble and it would go on to become Follett Corporation. Although the flagship store once featured the motto "founded in 1873," the C.M. Barnes-Wilcox Company never had any connection to Barnes & Noble other than the fact that both were partly owned (at different times) by William Barnes.
1930–1969[edit]
In 1930, Noble sold his share of the company to William Barnes' son John Wilcox Barnes.[16][17] Noble died on June 6, 1936, at the age of 72.[18] In the long history of the bookstore, the namesake partnership was a brief interlude of thirteen years.
Barnes & Noble's former flagship store at 105 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, New York has been operating since 1932.
In 1932, at the height of the Great Depression, the bookstore was moved to a flagship location on 18th Street and Fifth Avenue,[19] which served as such until it closed in 2014. The Noble family retained ownership of an associated publishing business and Barnes & Noble opened a new publishing division in 1931.[17] In 1940, the store was one of the first businesses to feature Muzak; it underwent a major renovation the following year.[20] That decade the company opened stores in Brooklyn and Chicago.[21] William Barnes died in 1945 at the age of 78 and his son John Wilcox Barnes assumed full control.[21] The company underwent a significant expansion in the 1950s and 1960s, opening an additional retail store on Twenty-third Street in Manhattan and shops near the City University of New York, Harvard and other Northeast college campuses.[22]